What Does It Mean to Be Food Insecure?
Understanding the Basics
To grasp the gravity of food insecurity's impact, it's essential to understand its definition and various levels.
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) defines food security as "access by all members at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life" . This definition emphasizes consistent access to sufficient and nutritious food for every individual within a household.
Conversely, food insecurity is defined as the "limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways" . This definition highlights that food insecurity is not simply about a lack of food; it also encompasses the quality of food and the dignity of how it is obtained.
The USDA further classifies food insecurity into distinct levels . High food security describes households with no reported limitations in accessing adequate food. Marginal food security involves households reporting anxiety over food sufficiency or experiencing a shortage of food in the house, but without significant changes in diet. Low food security, previously termed "food insecurity without hunger," indicates households reporting reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet, even if the quantity of food remains largely the same. This level, while not always involving the sensation of hunger, can still lead to deficiencies in essential nutrients vital for long-term health and well-being. Finally, very low food security, formerly known as "food insecurity with hunger," represents the most severe form. Households at this level report multiple instances of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake due to a lack of money and other resources. In 2023, individuals in households with very low food security frequently reported worrying about food running out, being unable to afford balanced meals, adults cutting meal sizes or skipping meals, and experiencing hunger but not eating because they couldn't afford enough food. These distinctions underscore that food insecurity is a spectrum of hardship, with even the less severe levels potentially impacting health and well-being.
The Numbers Speak: Food Insecurity Rates Across Southern California
The prevalence of food insecurity in Southern California is a significant concern, with rates often surpassing the national average.
In Los Angeles County, a USC Dornsife study from October 2024 revealed that 25% of households, approximately 832,000, experienced food insecurity.
While this represents a decrease from the 30% peak in July 2023, it remains considerably higher than the national average of 14% and pre-pandemic levels. The situation is even more critical for low-income residents, with 41% facing food insecurity in October 2024 . Furthermore, nutrition insecurity, or limited access to healthy, nutritious food, affected 29% of households in 2024, indicating a widespread lack of access to quality food . Stark racial and ethnic disparities also exist, with Latino and Black residents experiencing food insecurity rates three times higher than their white counterparts. Asian residents, while not having the highest rates of overall food insecurity, face the highest rate of nutrition insecurity at 35%, potentially due to challenges in accessing culturally relevant healthy foods .
In San Bernardino County, the Riverside-San Bernardino metro area reported a food insecurity rate of 15.7% in 2021, which was higher than both the state and national averages . This rate has shown an upward trend since 2019. Earlier data from 2019 indicated that over 13% of residents in the Inland Empire, including San Bernardino County, were already considered food insecure .
Riverside County had a food insecurity rate of 8.5% in 2021, affecting over 205,000 people . More recent data on food insufficiency from late October 2023 estimated that 11.8% of adults and 9.9% of children experienced this condition . Similar to San Bernardino County, over 13% of Inland Empire residents, including those in Riverside County, were food insecure in 2019 .
Orange County also faces a growing challenge, with a food insecurity rate of 12.3% in 2022 and a high average cost per meal of $4.90 . This represents an increase from the 8.4% rate in 2021, and projections for 2023 suggested a rate close to 13.7% . Significant racial disparities are evident, with Black residents experiencing a food insecurity rate of 24% in 2022 and Latino residents 19%, compared to only 10% for white residents .
Finally, in San Diego County, as of September 2024, 25% of residents experienced nutrition insecurity, struggling to afford three nutritious meals per day . This high rate has remained consistent throughout much of 2023 and 2024. In 2022, over 350,000 people in San Diego County were estimated to be food insecure, including over 100,000 children . Similar to other counties, racial disparities are present, with Black and Hispanic/Latinx populations having significantly higher nutrition insecurity rates compared to the county average .
|
County |
Overall Food Insecurity/Nutrition Insecurity Rate (%) |
Year of Data |
Rate for Low-Income Residents (%) |
Rate for Specific Racial/Ethnic Groups (%) |
Source(s) |
|
Los Angeles |
25% (Food Insecurity) |
2024 |
41% (Food Insecurity) |
Latino: 33%, Black: 33%, Asian: 35% (Nutrition) |
, , , , , |
|
San Bernardino |
15.7% (Food Insecurity) |
2021 |
N/A |
N/A |
|
|
Riverside |
8.5% (Food Insecurity) |
2021 |
N/A |
N/A |
|
|
Orange |
12.3% (Food Insecurity) |
2022 |
N/A |
Black: 24%, Latino: 19% |
|
|
San Diego |
25% (Nutrition Insecurity) |
2024 |
N/A |
Black: 33%, Hispanic/Latinx: 30% |
, |
This data paints a clear picture: food insecurity is a significant and pervasive issue across Southern California, affecting a substantial portion of the population and disproportionately impacting vulnerable communities.
Why Here, Why Now? Unpacking the Causes of Food Insecurity in Our Region
The high rates of food insecurity in Southern California are driven by a complex interplay of economic, social, and systemic factors. Poverty and low income are fundamental contributors, as individuals and families with limited financial resources struggle to afford sufficient food in a region with a high cost of living . In Los Angeles County, a majority of those experiencing food insecurity have low incomes, highlighting this direct link . Unemployment and underemployment further exacerbate the issue, as job loss or working fewer hours than needed reduces household income available for food purchases . Even those who are employed may not earn enough to consistently afford food, especially with the region's high cost of living.
The high cost of housing in Southern California places an immense strain on household budgets, leaving less money for food and other essential expenses . Over half of Los Angeles County households spend more than 30% of their income on housing, making it difficult to afford both healthy food and adequate healthcare . This housing affordability crisis forces many to make difficult choices, often sacrificing food to keep a roof over their heads. Furthermore, many low-income communities in Southern California are also food deserts, characterized by limited access to healthy food options such as supermarkets and an overabundance of fast food restaurants and convenience stores with fewer nutritious choices . Lack of transportation can further isolate residents in these areas, limiting their ability to access healthier food options even if they are available elsewhere.
Recent inflation and high food prices have also significantly impacted food affordability for families across the region . The cost of everyday groceries has risen substantially, putting further strain on already tight budgets. Adding to this challenge, the end of pandemic-era boosts to crucial food assistance programs like CalFresh (SNAP) has exacerbated food insecurity for many households, creating a "food cliff" as families lost vital support .
Finally, systemic inequities and racial disparities are deeply intertwined with food insecurity in Southern California. Historical and ongoing racial income gaps, often stemming from discriminatory practices, contribute to intergenerational poverty and make Black and Hispanic households significantly more vulnerable to food insecurity. Immigrant communities also face higher rates due to factors like lower wages and fear of participating in public programs. These systemic issues create fundamental barriers to food security for many residents in the region.
The Chain Reaction: How Food Insecurity Fuels Violence
The consequences of food insecurity extend far beyond physical hunger, creating a chain reaction that can contribute to violence at individual, familial, and community levels. Inadequate nutrition has a significant impact on behavior and mental health. Food insecurity is linked to increased stress, anxiety, and depression in adults. The chronic stress of not knowing where the next meal will come from can lead to irritability and a constant feeling of pressure . For children, food insecurity can manifest in various behavioral issues and social difficulties, including aggression, hyperactivity, anxiety, mood swings, and bullying . It can also impair their ability to develop crucial interpersonal skills and self-control . Young adults experiencing food insecurity are at a higher risk of developing depression, anxiety, or panic disorders . These psychological impacts can increase the likelihood of conflict and instability.
At the community level, food scarcity can fuel instability. While more research is needed in developed nations, studies suggest a link between food insecurity and increased violence and civil conflict, particularly in developing countries . In situations of extreme food scarcity, desperation can lead individuals to attack others to gain access to food . Historical examples, such as food price riots, demonstrate how widespread frustration over the inability to access affordable food can lead to social unrest.
Furthermore, food insecurity has a concerning connection to child maltreatment and domestic violence. Economic stress, including the specific hardship of food insecurity, is associated with an increased likelihood of various forms of violence within families, including intimate partner violence and child maltreatment . Parental stress stemming from the inability to provide food for their children can significantly elevate the risk of exposure to violence, including physical and emotional abuse . The immense pressure and anxiety associated with food insecurity can create volatile home environments where the risk of violence is heightened.
From Hunger to Handcuffs? Exploring the Connection to Incarceration Rates
The impact of food insecurity can even extend to involvement in the criminal justice system. Research suggests a correlation between food insecurity and property crime rates . When individuals face the desperation of not being able to feed themselves or their families, they may resort to criminal activities like theft and burglary to obtain food . Some studies have even indicated a potential link between increased food insecurity and a rise in violent crime rates, although this connection requires further research, particularly in developed nations . The strain theory in sociology suggests that individuals may turn to crime when they lack legitimate opportunities to achieve basic needs, including food security . The profound sense of desperation that accompanies prolonged food insecurity can lead individuals to make choices they might not otherwise consider.
Moreover, there is a significant impact of incarceration on food security. Parental incarceration is strongly linked to increased food insecurity among children due to the loss of income from the incarcerated parent and the added financial strain on the remaining family members . The termination of SNAP (CalFresh) benefits for the household upon a parent's incarceration can further exacerbate the family's food insecurity . Similarly, adults with a history of incarceration face a heightened risk of food insecurity upon their release due to significant challenges in securing stable employment and affordable housing, as well as legal restrictions that can limit their access to crucial food assistance programs like SNAP and TANF . This creates a concerning bidirectional relationship where food insecurity can contribute to crime, and incarceration can, in turn, create or worsen food insecurity for individuals and their families, perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage.
Communities on the Frontlines: Identifying Areas Most Affected
Food insecurity is not evenly distributed across Southern California. Los Angeles County sees particularly high rates in low-income communities such as South Los Angeles and the Antelope Valley, which are often designated as food deserts . Racial and ethnic minority communities, especially Black and Latino residents, consistently experience disproportionately high rates of food insecurity throughout the county . Asian communities in Los Angeles County also face a high rate of nutrition insecurity .
In the Inland Empire (Riverside and San Bernardino Counties), the High Desert region of San Bernardino County has a significant concentration of food deserts and poverty . Communities like Bloomington and Hemet have high enrollment in food assistance programs, indicating a substantial need . Even some seemingly affluent cities in the eastern part of the Inland Empire may lack sufficient food pantry resources for vulnerable residents .
Orange County is also experiencing a rise in food insecurity, with Black and Latino residents facing significantly higher rates compared to white residents .
In San Diego County, Black and Hispanic/Latinx populations have considerably higher rates of nutrition insecurity . Lower average incomes reported in North County suggest a greater vulnerability to food insecurity in that area . These patterns highlight that food insecurity disproportionately affects specific geographic areas and demographic groups, often those already facing other forms of marginalization.
Hope and Help: Existing Programs and Initiatives in Southern California
Despite the challenges, a network of programs and initiatives exists in Southern California to address food insecurity. Food banks such as the Los Angeles Regional Food Bank , the Foodbank of Southern California , Westside Food Bank , Feeding America Riverside | San Bernardino , FIND Food Bank , Second Harvest Food Bank of Orange County , and the Jacobs & Cushman San Diego Food Bank play a crucial role in collecting and distributing food to a network of local food pantries . Resources like 211 LA County and Food Oasis LA help connect individuals with nearby food pantries .
Government assistance programs provide vital support. CalFresh (SNAP) offers monthly electronic benefits to low-income individuals and families for purchasing food , with expanded eligibility for SSI/SSP recipients . WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) provides nutrition assistance, breastfeeding support, and healthy foods to low-income pregnant and postpartum individuals and children under five . Other programs like school meals, the Child and Adult Care Food Program, and senior nutrition programs also offer crucial support .
Beyond these, various community initiatives work to address food insecurity. Food gleaning and redistribution programs rescue and provide excess food . Community gardens and urban farming projects increase access to fresh produce . Programs like Market Match incentivize CalFresh recipients to buy fresh produce at farmers' markets . The Southern California Impact Food Fund (SCIFF) supports small markets in underserved areas .
|
Program Name |
Target Audience |
Brief Description |
How to Access/Apply |
|
CalFresh (SNAP) |
Low-income individuals and families |
Monthly electronic benefits (EBT card) to purchase food at authorized retailers. |
Apply online at BenefitsCal.com or through local county social services agencies. |
|
WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) |
Low-income pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, infants, and children under five |
Provides nutritious foods, nutrition education, breastfeeding support, and referrals to healthcare and other services. |
Contact local WIC agencies or health departments; information available at the California Department of Public Health. |
|
Food Banks (e.g., LA Regional Food Bank) |
Individuals and families facing food insecurity |
Collect and distribute food to local pantries and directly to the public through various programs. |
Search for local food banks online or call 2-1-1 for referrals. |
|
Food Pantries (e.g., local churches, centers) |
Individuals and families in need of immediate food assistance |
Distribute free groceries to the community, often with specific hours and eligibility requirements. |
Contact local pantries directly or call 2-1-1 for locations and information. |
|
School Meal Programs |
Eligible students in public and private schools |
Offer free or reduced-price breakfast and lunch that meet federal nutrition standards. |
Contact your local school district for applications and information. |
|
Market Match |
CalFresh recipients |
Provides matching funds for CalFresh benefits spent on fresh produce at participating farmers' markets. |
Visit participating farmers' markets for information and to receive matching tokens. |
While these programs provide crucial assistance, the persistent high rates of food insecurity indicate a need for continued and expanded efforts.
Building a Stronger Future: Solutions and How You Can Help
Addressing food insecurity in Southern California requires a multi-faceted approach. Advocating for policy changes is essential. This includes supporting policies that increase funding for and expand eligibility for programs like CalFresh and WIC . It also means advocating for policies that tackle the root causes of poverty, such as increasing the minimum wage, investing in affordable housing, and providing job training programs . Supporting initiatives that aim to reduce food prices and increase access to affordable, healthy food in underserved communities is also crucial . Furthermore, addressing systemic inequities and racial disparities that contribute to food insecurity through policy and community action is paramount .
Supporting local food banks and pantries is another vital way to help. Individuals can donate food, money, and time to these organizations . Organizing food drives in communities, workplaces, or schools can also make a significant difference .
Getting involved in community initiatives can also have a direct impact. Volunteering at community gardens or urban farms helps increase access to fresh produce . Supporting local farmers' markets and programs that connect local agriculture with food-insecure communities strengthens the local food system . Participating in food gleaning and redistribution efforts helps ensure that edible food doesn't go to waste .
Raising awareness and reducing stigma around food insecurity is also crucial. Educating oneself and others about the issue helps foster understanding and empathy . Talking openly about food insecurity can help reduce the shame associated with it and encourage people to seek help. Sharing information about available resources can connect those in need with vital support. Finally, supporting organizations that address the root causes of food insecurity, such as those focused on poverty, unemployment, and affordable housing, can create long-term change.
Nourishing Our Communities for Safety and Justice
Food insecurity in Southern California is a crisis that extends far beyond the immediate experience of hunger. Its impact on mental health, behavior, community stability, and even incarceration rates demands our urgent attention. By understanding the complexities of this issue, supporting existing programs, advocating for policy changes, and actively engaging in community-based solutions, we can work towards a future where all residents of Southern California have consistent access to the nutritious food they need to thrive. Addressing food insecurity is not just about feeding people; it's about nourishing our communities for greater safety, justice, and well-being for all.
Works cited
1. Food Security in the U.S. - Measurement - USDA Economic Research Service, https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/measurement 2. Definitions of Food Security - USDA Economic Research Service, https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security 3. Food insecurity in LA County remains well above national average, despite slight decline, https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/food-and-nutrition-insecurity-linger-in-la-county/ 4. Food Insecurity in LA County Remains Alarmingly High Despite Some Improvement, https://www.planetizen.com/news/2024/12/133355-food-insecurity-la-county-remains-alarmingly-high-despite-some-improvement 5. L.A. County has a food insecurity rate of 25%, with Blacks and Latinos most affected | LAist, https://laist.com/news/food/la-county-food-insecurity-rate 6. LA County food insecurity - LAist, https://laist.com/brief/news/food/la-county-food-insecurity-rate 7. Food Security - San Bernardino County Community Indicators, https://indicators.sbcounty.gov/income/food-security/ 8. As inflation rises, so does hunger in California's Inland Empire, https://centerforhealthjournalism.org/our-work/insights/inflation-rises-so-does-hunger-californias-inland-empire 9. Access to food a problem throughout Riverside, San Bernardino counties, https://centerforhealthjournalism.org/our-work/reporting/access-food-problem-throughout-riverside-san-bernardino-counties 10. Food Insecurity Rates in Riverside County, CA - Stacker, https://stacker.com/stories/california/riverside-county-ca/food-insecurity-rates-riverside-county-ca 11. Riverside County - California Pulse, https://stanford-datalab.github.io/covid-19-ca/riverside/ 12. A look into how rising grocery prices, ultra-processed foods affect Orange County -, https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2025/01/city-oc-ag-subsidies-healthy-eating-orange-county-food-chronic-illness 13. Hunger in the land of plenty: the food-insecurity picture around Orange County - Hamlet, https://www.myhamlet.com/ca/orange-county/articles/hunger-in-the-land-of-plenty-the-food-insecurity-picture-around-orange-county 14. Hunger is on a Sharp and Silent Rise in Orange County This Thanksgiving - Voice of OC, https://voiceofoc.org/2024/11/hunger-is-on-a-sharp-and-silent-rise-in-orange-county-this-thanksgiving/ 15. Many Orange County Residents Still Struggle Putting Food on Table - Voice of OC, https://voiceofoc.org/2023/11/many-orange-county-residents-still-struggle-putting-food-on-table/ 16. Hunger in San Diego, https://feedingsandiego.org/hunger-in-san-diego/ 17. Issue Briefs — San Diego Hunger Coalition, https://www.sandiegohungercoalition.org/sdhc-research-reports 18. Food Insecurity - UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/our-work/food-insecurity 19. Food Insecurity in Los Angeles County, July 2023 - USC Dornsife Public Exchange, https://publicexchange.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FoodInsecurityinLACounty_ResearchBrief_July2023_Final.pdf 20. FOOD INSECURITY 101 - Los Angeles - L.A. Works, https://www.laworks.com/food-insecurity-101 21. Hunger in Los Angeles County: A Growing Need, https://www.lafoodbank.org/stories/hunger-in-los-angeles-county-a-growing-need/ 22. Ecological risk and protective factors for food insufficiency in Los Angeles County during the COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed Central, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10564600/ 23. Addressing Food Insecurity and Child Hunger in LA County - Los Angeles Regional Food Bank, https://www.lafoodbank.org/stories/addressing-food-insecurity-and-child-hunger-in-la-county/ 24. FOOD INSECURITY IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY - Department of Public Health, http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/docs/2018LACHS/LA_Health_Report/LA_County_Food_Insecurity_Report_2021_508Compliant.pdf 25. USC Study Finds Rates of Food Insecurity in LA are Spiking After Sharp Decline, https://www.lafoodbank.org/stories/usc-study-finds-food-insecurity-rates-spiking/ 26. What is Food Insecurity? - Feeding America, https://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/food-insecurity 27. Food Insecurity - Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov, https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health/literature-summaries/food-insecurity 28. When Basic Needs Aren't Met: How a Lack of Resources Can Drive Criminal Behavior, https://empowercdc.org/news-events/newsroom.html/article/2023/10/30/when-basic-needs-aren-t-met-how-a-lack-of-resources-can-drive-criminal-behavior 29. The impact of socioeconomic factors on crime rates. - Allied Academies, https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/the-impact-of-socioeconomic-factors-on-crime-rates-26135.html 30. LA's High Housing Costs Hurt Health - Los Angeles - LAist, https://laist.com/news/health/las-high-housing-costs-hurt-health 31. Food Insecurity in Western Los Angeles County - Neighborhood Data for Social Change, https://la.myneighborhooddata.org/2019/07/food-insecurity-in-western-los-angeles-county/ 32. Food Assistance Programs & Food Resources - LA County Department of Public Health, http://www.lapublichealth.org/nut/food_assistance_programs.htm 33. Calfresh Healthy Living - LA County Department of Public Health, http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/nut/calfresh_healthy_living.htm 34. SoCal Impact Food Fund - Los Angeles Food Policy Council, https://www.goodfoodla.org/sciff 35. Food insecurity worsens among low-income Angelenos as emergency boost to CalFresh program expires - USC Dornsife, https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/food-insecurity-worsens-among-low-income-angelenos/ 36. How Does Food Insecurity Affect Communities? - Elevance Health, https://www.elevancehealth.com/our-approach-to-health/community-health/impacts-of-food-insecurity 37. Food Insecurity, Neighborhood Food Environment, and Health Disparities: State of the Science, Research Gaps and Opportunities, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10972712/ 38. 'It's a huge issue.' | The link between food insecurity and violent crime in Louisville, https://www.whas11.com/article/news/community/louisville-food-deserts-grocery-stores-west-end-crime-violence/417-dc48a81a-9624-487e-b60e-1b9d6c9f92cc 39. Growing Produce and Food Justice in South L.A. - United Way of Greater Los Angeles, https://unitedwayla.org/news/growing-produce-and-food-justice-in-south-l-a/ 40. Where Are L.A.'s Food Deserts? | Food & Discovery | PBS SoCal, https://www.pbssocal.org/food-discovery/food/where-are-l-a-s-food-deserts 41. Food Deserts in Los Angeles, https://food-deserts.com/food-deserts-in-los-angeles/ 42. Food Deserts in South L.A., https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/4ef7d78c52ec4b29a6073ffdc6809e83 43. Income, Unemployment & Grocery Web Map of Los Angeles, California - ArcGIS Online, https://www.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/382cbbf4868845d08d804f0d140cb472 44. Food Deserts: The struggle for healthy options in lower-income communities, https://boyleheightsbeat.com/food-deserts-the-struggle-for-healthy-options-in-lower-income-communities/ 45. In the Inland Empire, low incomes and food deserts create an ongoing health crisis, https://centerforhealthjournalism.org/our-work/insights/inland-empire-low-incomes-and-food-deserts-create-ongoing-health-crisis 46. How Economic Trends Impact Property Crime - AMAROK, https://amarok.com/blog/how-economic-trends-impact-property-crime/ 47. Testimony: A Snapshot of Food Insecurity in California, https://www.ppic.org/blog/testimony-a-snapshot-of-food-insecurity-in-california/ 48. Los Angeles County Faces Ongoing Food Insecurity Challenges as Rates Near Peak Pandemic Levels, https://www.lafoodbank.org/stories/la-county-faces-ongoing-food-insecurity-challenges/ 49. About Food Security in New Jersey - NJ.gov, https://www.nj.gov/foodsecurity/food-security/about/ 50. Association of Food Insecurity With Multiple Forms of Interpersonal and Self-Directed Violence: A Systematic Review - PubMed Central, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10666476/ 51. Pushed to the brink: The link between food insecurity and mental health | Food Foundation, https://foodfoundation.org.uk/publication/pushed-brink-link-between-food-insecurity-and-mental-health 52. Nourishing the Mind: How Food Security Influences Mental Wellbeing - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10893396/ 53. The Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Mental Health - Psychiatry Online, https://www.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2024.200206 54. Inside the Psychological Impacts of Hunger., https://www.actionagainsthunger.org/story/inside_the_psychological_impacts_of_hunger/ 55. Food Insecurity and Psychological Distress: A Review of the Recent Literature - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7282962/ 56. Food insecurity and health impacts - MSU Extension, https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/food_insecurity_and_health_impacts 57. The Role of Food Insecurity in Developmental Psychopathology - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5085882/ 58. How food insecurity affects children's behavior problems in early childhood: The nutrition and family stress pathways - PMC - PubMed Central, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10763944/ 59. Research Brief: Connections Between Food Insecurity, the Federal Nutrition Programs, and Student Behavior, https://frac.org/wp-content/uploads/breakfast-for-behavior.pdf 60. Transitions Into Food Insecurity Associated With Behavioral Problems And Worse Overall Health Among Children, https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0626 61. Violent Conflict Drives World Hunger and Food Insecurity - Agricultural Economics, https://agecon.unl.edu/violent-conflict-drives-world-hunger-and-food-insecurity/ 62. An Examination of Food Insecurity and Its Impact on Violent Crime in American Communities - Clemson OPEN, https://open.clemson.edu/all_theses/2565/ 63. Dangerously Hungry: The Link between Food Insecurity and Conflict - CSIS, https://www.csis.org/analysis/dangerously-hungry-link-between-food-insecurity-and-conflict 64. Feeding Peace: An Investigation of the Relationship between Food Insecurity and Violence - ISU ReD, https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=scced 65. Economic Hardship and Violence: A Comparison of County-Level Economic Measures in the Prediction of Violence-Related Injury - PubMed Central, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9900694/ 66. Youth with food insecurity more likely to be exposed to violence - Healio, https://www.healio.com/news/primary-care/20240318/youth-with-food-insecurity-more-likely-to-be-exposed-to-violence 67. Food insecurity and criminal behavior: evidence from Indonesia - Oxford Academic, https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/46/4/e732/7728876 68. Hidden Hunger: Food Insecurity among Children with Incarcerated Parents, https://www.rti.org/insights/child-food-insecurity-incarcerated-parents 69. The Impact of Incarceration on Food Insecurity among Households with Children - Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, https://ffcws.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf4356/files/documents/wp13-05-ff.pdf 70. Food Insecurity Among Older Adults with a History of Incarceration - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10273494/ 71. Mass Incarceration: The Cause and Effect on Hunger, https://moveforhunger.org/blog/mass-incarceration-cause-and-effect-hunger 72. Mass Incarceration: A Major Cause of Hunger - Bread for the World, https://www.bread.org/sites/default/files/downloads/briefing-paper-mass-incarceration-february-2018.pdf 73. Inland Empire Food Pantries in Relation to Social Vulnerability, Poverty, Homelessness & COVID- 19 Cases - UCR School of Public Policy - University of California, Riverside, https://spp.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2020-10/IE%20Food%20Pantries%20in%20Relation%20to%20Social%20Vulnerability%2C%20Poverty%2C%20Homelessness%20%26%20COVID-19%20Cases%20MPP%20Capstone%202020%20%281%29.pdf 74. Hunger Facts & Research - San Diego Food Bank, https://www.sandiegofoodbank.org/about/hunger-facts-research/ 75. California Association of Food Banks | Find a Local Food Bank, https://www.cafoodbanks.org/our-members/ 76. Los Angeles Regional Food Bank, https://www.lafoodbank.org/ 77. Los Angeles Regional Food Bank | Feeding America, https://www.feedingamerica.org/find-your-local-foodbank/los-angeles-regional-food-bank 78. Food Distribution - The Foodbank of Southern California, https://www.foodbankofsocal.org/programs/food-distribution/ 79. The Foodbank of Southern California: Home, https://www.foodbankofsocal.org/ 80. Need Food Help? - Westside Food Bank, https://www.wsfb.org/our-services/need-food-help/ 81. Ensuring Food Access: Community Resources in the Inland Empire, https://www.inlandrc.org/2025/03/19/ensuring-food-access-community-resources-in-the-inland-empire/ 82. About | Inland Empire Food Bank - Feeding America Riverside San Bernardino, https://www.feedingamericaie.org/our-story 83. Alleviating Hunger in Inland Empire: Feeding America Receives Generous Donation, https://theievoice.com/farsb-feeding-hungry-inland-empire/ 84. Second Harvest Food Bank of Orange County, https://feedoc.org/ 85. San Diego Food Bank, https://www.sandiegofoodbank.org/ 86. Find Food - California Association of Food Banks, https://www.cafoodbanks.org/find-food/ 87. FOOD BANK RESOURCE GUIDE - Lacounty, http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/dmh/219900_FOODBANKRESOURCESasof9-30-14.pdf 88. Food - Health Services Los Angeles County, https://dhs.lacounty.gov/our-services/resources/food/ 89. CalFresh Information | County of Orange Social Services Agency, https://ssa.ocgov.com/cash-calfresh/calfresh 90. CalFresh - Department of Public Social Services, https://dpss.lacounty.gov/en/food/calfresh.html 91. CalFresh Application Process - California Association of Food Banks, https://www.cafoodbanks.org/calfresh-application-process/ 92. CalFresh Program - California Department of Social Services, https://www.cdss.ca.gov/calfresh 93. Home | BenefitsCal. Together, we benefit., https://benefitscal.com/ 94. CalFresh - CA.gov, https://calfresh.dss.ca.gov/ 95. Food Insecurity - CDFA - Office of Farm to Fork - CA.gov, https://cafarmtofork.cdfa.ca.gov/foodinsecurity.htm 96. Free Food Distributions – Find Help - Feeding San Diego, https://feedingsandiego.org/find-food/ 97. Women, Infants & Children (WIC) - American Red Cross, https://www.redcross.org/local/california/southern-california/about-us/our-work/women-infants-children-wic.html 98. Southern California WIC Program | WIC Office Near Me - TrueCare, https://truecare.org/programs-resources/wic/ 99. WIC State Agencies in Southern California - PHFE WIC, https://www.phfewic.org/en/socal-wic-state-agencies/ 100. Apply for WIC Online - Sign Up Here - PHFE WIC, https://www.phfewic.org/en/how-wic-works/apply-for-wic/ 101. Women, Infants & Children Program - CDPH - CA.gov, https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DWICSN/Pages/Program-Landing1.aspx 102. Farm to Family program - California Association of Food Banks, https://www.cafoodbanks.org/what-we-do/farm-family/
Visitor Comments (0)
